Migraine Treatment Options: Evidence-Based Relief

Written by TribeTeam | 20-Jan-2026 13:22:10

"How many of us have been told it's just a headache?"

Migraines are not "just headaches". They are a complex neurological condition that affects around 1 in 7 people in the UK, with women being three times more likely to experience migraines than men. For many, migraines interfere with work, family life, relationships and overall wellbeing.

The good news? Migraine treatment has advanced significantly, and there are now multiple evidence-based options that can reduce pain, shorten attacks, and improve quality of life.

This guide explains how migraines are treated, what options are available, and how to find the right approach for you.

What Is a Migraine?

A migraine is a neurological disorder characterised by:

🧠

Moderate to severe head pain

(often one-sided)

💫

Throbbing or pulsating pain

Rhythmic sensation

🤢

Nausea or vomiting

Digestive symptoms

💡

Sensitivity to stimuli

Light, sound, or smells

What's happening in your brain: Migraines involve changes in brain signalling, nerve pathways, and inflammatory mediators, including CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide).

Migraine Treatment: The Two Main Approaches

Migraine treatment falls into two key categories:

Acute Treatment

Taken once a migraine starts to stop or reduce symptoms

🛡️

Preventative Treatment

Taken regularly or strategically to reduce how often migraines occur

💡 Most people use a combination of both approaches for optimal migraine management.

Acute Migraine Treatments (Taken During an Attack)

1

Triptans (First-Line Migraine-Specific Treatment)

Triptans are specifically designed for migraine and are supported by NICE and international headache guidelines.

Common examples:

• Sumatriptan
• Rizatriptan
• Zolmitriptan

How they work:

  • Calm overactive pain pathways in the brain
  • Reduce inflammation
  • Constrict dilated blood vessels involved in migraine pain

Best used: As soon as migraine symptoms begin — particularly effective for moderate to severe migraines

📊 Evidence shows triptans relieve pain within 2 hours in up to 70% of patients

2

NSAIDs (Anti-Inflammatory Pain Relief)

Examples: Ibuprofen • Naproxen • Aspirin (where appropriate)

These can be effective for:

  • Mild to moderate migraines
  • Early-stage attacks
  • Menstrual migraine when used short-term

They work by reducing inflammation, which plays a key role in migraine pain.

3

Anti-Sickness (Antiemetic) Medication

Migraines often involve gut slowing, which worsens nausea and delays absorption of tablets.

Examples: Metoclopramide • Prochlorperazine

These medications can:

Reduce nausea & vomiting

Improve medication absorption

Enhance overall symptom control

Preventative Migraine Treatments

Preventatives are considered if:

  • You have 4 or more migraine days per month
  • Attacks are severe or disabling
  • Acute treatments aren't effective or tolerated

1. Daily Preventative Medications

Common options include:

Beta blockers

(e.g. propranolol)

Antidepressants

(e.g. amitriptyline)

Anti-epileptic

(e.g. topiramate)

These work by reducing brain excitability over time and lowering migraine frequency.

2. Short-Term Preventatives (Especially for Hormonal Migraine)

Used when migraines are predictable, such as around menstruation.

Examples:
• Short courses of triptans (e.g. Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan)
• NSAIDs like naproxen
• Hormonal stabilisation strategies (clinician-led)

✅ This approach is well supported for menstrual migraine.

3. CGRP-Targeted Treatments (Specialist Care)

Newer therapies target CGRP directly and include:

CGRP monoclonal antibodies

Gepants (oral CGRP blockers)

Typically reserved for: Chronic migraine • Treatment-resistant cases • Specialist-led pathways

Lifestyle & Trigger Management

Medication works best when combined with lifestyle strategies:

😴

Regular sleep & meals

💧

Hydration

🧘‍♀️

Stress management

Caffeine moderation

🔍

Identifying personal triggers

📓

Keeping a migraine diary

Important: Lifestyle management does not replace medication, but it enhances treatment effectiveness.

When to Seek Medical Support

You should seek professional advice if:

  • Migraines are worsening or changing
  • You need medication more than 10 days per month
  • Migraines interfere with daily life
  • You're unsure which treatment is right for you

Early, appropriate treatment reduces the risk of chronic migraine and medication overuse headaches.

Key Takeaways

✔ Migraines are a neurological condition, not a willpower issue

✔ Triptans are the most effective acute migraine-specific treatment

✔ Preventative treatments can significantly reduce frequency and severity

✔ Hormonal patterns matter, especially for women

✔ Individualised treatment leads to the best outcomes

Clinical References

  • NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Migraine. The Migraine Trust
  • The Migraine Trust (UK): Treatment Guidelines. NICE
  • British Association for the Study of Headache (BASH) Guidelines. bash.org.uk
  • Goadsby PJ et al. Pathophysiology of Migraine. NEJM. PubMed
  • Dodick DW. Migraine Treatment Strategies. The Lancet. The Migraine Trust
  • MacGregor EA. Menstrual Migraine. Cephalalgia

TribElle Commitment

At TribElle, we believe migraine care should be accessible and evidence-based, especially for women whose symptoms are often under-recognised.

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